Ngenxa yendlela esetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela yokugcina amandla kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, amazwe ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokonga amandla kweemoto zombane, kodwa indlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla. Ngezantsi, siqokelele imigangatho yolawulo lokonga amandla eemoto eMelika, kwiManyano yaseYurophu, eKhanada, naseOstreliya kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye singathanda ukwabelana ngayo nawe.
IMelika
Ngo-1992, iCongress yase-US yapasisa uMthetho we-EPACT, owawumisela amaxabiso aphantsi okusebenza kakuhle kwiimoto kwaye wawufuna ukuba zonke iimoto ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ezithengiswa e-United States zihlangabezane nemigangatho emitsha yokusebenza kakuhle, oko kukuthi imigangatho yokusebenza kakuhle ye-EPACT, ukususela nge-24 ka-Okthobha 1997. Imigangatho yokusebenza kakuhle echazwe yi-EPACT yayingumndilili wemigangatho yokusebenza kakuhle kweemoto eziveliswa ngabavelisi beemoto abakhulu e-United States ngelo xesha. Ngo-2001, i-Alliance for Energy Efficiency (CEE) kunye ne-National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) badibene baphuhlise umgangatho wemoto osebenza kakuhle kakhulu, owaziwa ngokuba ngumgangatho we-NEMA Premium. Iimfuno zokusebenza kokuqala kwalo mgangatho ziyahambelana nezo ze-EPACT, kwaye imigangatho yokusebenza kakuhle ibonisa umgangatho ophakathi weemoto ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ezikhoyo kwimarike yase-US, ezikwi-1 ukuya kwi-3 yeepesenti eziphezulu kunemigangatho ye-EPACT, kwaye ilahleko zincitshiswa malunga ne-20% xa kuthelekiswa nemigangatho ye-EPACT. Okwangoku, umgangatho we-NEMA Premium usetyenziswa kakhulu njengomgangatho wesalathiso senkxaso-mali enikezelwa ziinkampani zamandla ukukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba bathenge iimoto ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Iimoto ze-NEMA Premium ziyacetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiimeko apho umsebenzi wonyaka uthatha iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-2,000 kwaye izinga lomthwalo lingaphezulu kwama-75%. Inkqubo ye-NEMA Premium eqalwe yi-NEMA sisivumelwano soshishino sokuzithandela. Amalungu e-NEMA kufuneka asayine esi sivumelwano kwaye ahlangabezane nemigangatho ngaphambi kokuba asebenzise uphawu lwe-NEMA Premium. Iiyunithi ezingengomalungu kufuneka zihlawule umrhumo othile ukuze zisebenzise olu phawu. Ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kakuhle kweemoto phantsi kwe-EPACT kusekelwe kumgangatho wendlela yovavanyo lokusebenza kakuhle kweemoto i-IEEE112-B ye-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers of the United States.
udibano lwaseyurophu
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990, i-European Union yaqala ukwenza uphando kunye nokwenza imigaqo-nkqubo ngokugcinwa kwamandla eemoto. Ngo-1999, iSebe lezoThutho kunye neMandla leKhomishini yaseYurophu kunye ne-European Motor and Power Electronics Manufacturers Association (CE-MEP) bafikelela kwisivumelwano sokuzithandela kwisicwangciso sokuhlelwa kweemoto (esibizwa ngokuba sisivumelwano se-EU-CEMEP).
Esi sivumelwano sichaze amanqanaba okusebenza kakuhle kweenjini, oko kukuthi:
I-Eff3 – iimoto ezisebenzayo eziphantsi (ezingasebenzi kakuhle);
I-Eff2 – iimoto eziphuculweyo (zokuphucula ukungasebenzi kakuhle);
I-Eff1 - iimoto ezisebenzayo kakhulu (ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu).
(Uhlelo lokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla eemoto kwilizwe lethu lufana nolwe-EU.)
Emva kowama-2006, ukuveliswa kunye nokujikeleziswa kweemoto ze-eff3-level kwathintelwa. Esi sivumelwano sikwathi abavelisi mabadwelise amaxabiso okuchonga ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwi-nameplate yemveliso kunye nephepha ledatha yesampulu ukuze abasebenzisi bakhethe kwaye bachonge, nto leyo eyayikwayimida yokuqala yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwi-EU Motor Energy Product Directive. Isivumelwano se-EU-CEMEP saphunyezwa emva kokutyikitywa ngokuzithandela ziinkampani ezingamalungu e-CEMEP kwaye samkela abavelisi, abangenisi kunye nabathengisi abangenamalungu ukuba bathathe inxaxheba. Okwangoku, iinkampani zokuvelisa ezingama-36 kuquka i-Siemens yaseJamani, i-ABB yaseSwitzerland, iBrookCromton yase-UK, iLeroy-Somer yaseFransi, njl.njl. ziyathatha inxaxheba, zigubungela i-80% yemveliso eYurophu. IDenmark inikezela ngenkxaso-mali ye-100 okanye i-250 kroner yaseDenmark nge-kW kubasebenzisi abathenga iimoto ngokusebenza kakuhle ngaphezu komgangatho ophantsi. INetherlands inikezela ngenkxaso-mali yokuthenga kunye nezibonelelo zerhafu. I-UK ikhuthaza utshintsho lwemarike lweemoto ezisebenza kakuhle kunye nezinye iimveliso ezigcina amandla ngokunciphisa irhafu yotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe-"Inkqubo yeNkxaso-mali yoLwandiso oluKhulu". Urhulumente ukwaququzelela isicwangciso sokuguqula imarike yiSebe lezeNdalo, ukutya kunye neMicimbi yaseMaphandleni (i-DEFRA) ukuze liqalise ngenkuthalo iimveliso ezonga amandla, linike ulwazi ngezi mveliso, izisombululo zonga amandla kunye neendlela zoyilo, njl.njl. kwi-Intanethi.
Khanada
Ngo-1991, iCanadian Standards Association kunye neCanadian Electrical Manufacturers Association badibanisene ekuphuhliseni umgangatho ocetyiswayo wokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kwiimoto. Izalathisi zokusebenza kakuhle zalo mgangatho zaziphantsi kancinci kunezo zemigangatho ye-US EPACT yamva nje. Ngenxa yokubaluleka komcimbi wamandla, iPalamente yaseKhanada nayo yapasisa uMthetho woKusebenza kakuhle kwamandla (EEACT) ngo-1992, owawuquka imigangatho yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla aphantsi kwiimoto. Izalathisi zokusebenza kakuhle kwezi moto zazifana nezo zemigangatho ye-US EPACT, kwaye umgangatho wawumiselwe ukuba uqale ukusebenza ngokusesikweni ngo-1997. Lo mgangatho unyanzelekile ngokomthetho, ngoko ke iimoto ezisebenzayo kakhulu ziye zakhuthazwa ngokukhawuleza.
UmOstreliya
Ukuze kongiwe amandla kwaye kukhuselwe okusingqongileyo, urhulumente wase-Australia uye wasebenzisa inkqubo yomgangatho wokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla okanye inkqubo ye-MEPS kwizixhobo zasekhaya nakwizixhobo zoshishino ukusukela ngo-1999. Le nkqubo ilawulwa yi-Ofisi yeGesi yeGreenhouse kaRhulumente wase-Australia ngokubambisana neKhomishini yeMigangatho yase-Australia. I-Australia ifake iimoto kuluhlu lwe-MEPS. Umgangatho oyimfuneko weemoto wavunywa waza waqala ukusebenza ngo-Okthobha 2001, kunye nenombolo eqhelekileyo eyi-AS/NZS1359.5. Iimoto eziveliswayo nezingeniswe e-Australia naseNew Zealand kufuneka zihlangabezane okanye zidlule izalathisi zokusebenza ezincinci ezichazwe kulo mgangatho. Lo mgangatho ungavavanywa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezimbini, ngaloo ndlela kuchazwe iiseti ezimbini zezalathisi: iseti enye yizalathisi zeNdlela A, ezihambelana nendlela ye-IEEE112-B e-United States; enye iseti yizalathisi zeNdlela B, ezihambelana ne-IEC34-2, ezixabiso lazo lamanani lifana nele-Eff2 ye-EU-CEMEP. Lo mgangatho awucacisi nje kuphela imigangatho ephantsi enyanzelekileyo kodwa ukwamisela izalathisi zezithuthi ezisebenzayo kakhulu njengemigangatho ecetyiswayo, ukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba bazamkele. Amaxabiso eenombolo afana nalawo e-EFF1 ye-EU-CEMEP kunye ne-EPACT e-United States.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-14-2026