Iimeko ezikhethekileyo zemotor zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwezinto ezingqongileyo: iimeko zemozulu yendalo kunye neendawo zoshishino. Iindawo zemozulu yendalo ziquka ikakhulu iindawo zetropiki, zaselwandle, ezibandayo, ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunye neendawo ezinamathafa; iindawo zoshishino ziquka ikakhulu iindawo ezirhabaxa, iindawo eziqhumayo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi, uxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphantsi, amasuntswana aqinileyo kunye nothuli, imitha enamandla aphezulu kunye nemithwalo ekhethekileyo yoomatshini, njl. Impembelelo yeendawo ezikhethekileyo ekugqumeni iimoto.
Impembelelo yobushushu
Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu obuchaphazela ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bemoto, amandla ayo okukhupha ayancipha. Isiphumo esinamandla sobushushu obuphezulu kunye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet ikhawulezisa ukuguga kwezinto zokukhusela. Kwiindawo ezomileyo nezishushu, ukufuma ngamanye amaxesha kwehla kuye kwi-3%. Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokoma kubangela ukuba izinto zokukhusela zome, zibhideke, ziguquguquke kwaye ziqhekeke. Ubushushu obuphezulu bunokubangela ukulahleka kwe-potting compound. Ubushushu obuphantsi benza irabha kunye neplastiki ziqine, zibe buthathaka kwaye ziqhekeke, kwaye zibangela ukuba ioyile yokuthambisa kunye ne-coolant ziqine.
Umswakama ophezulu kunye nefuthe lokufuma
Ukufuma okuphezulu kunokubangela ukuba iifilimu zamanzi zenziwe phezu komphezulu. Xa ukufuma kungaphezulu kwe-95%, amathontsi amanzi adla ngokujiya ngaphakathi kwinjini, nto leyo eyenza iindawo zesinyithi zibe nokugqwala, igrisi yokuthambisa ithambekele ekufunxeni nasekuwohlokeni komswakama, kwaye ezinye izinto zokukhusela zithambekele ekudumbeni ngenxa yokufunxa umswakama okanye ukuba thambile kwaye zinamathele. Ukusebenza koomatshini kunye nombane kuyawohloka, kwaye kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokwaphuka kobushushu kunye nokutsha kobuso.
Impembelelo yomngundo
Kwimeko apho kukho ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nomswakama ophezulu, ukungunda kunokwenzeka ukuba kukhule. Ukukhuhla kokungunda kunokugqwala iintsimbi kunye nezinto zokukhusela, okubangela ukuba ukugquma kukhule ngokukhawuleza kwaye kukhokelele kwiingozi ze-short-circuit.
Uthuli kunye namasuntswana esanti
Uthuli (kuquka uthuli lwemizi-mveliso) lubhekisa kumasuntswana anobubanzi obuqala kwi-1 ukuya kwi-150 micrometers; uthuli lwesanti lubhekisa kumasuntswana e-quartz anobubanzi obuqala kwi-10 ukuya kwi-1000 micrometers. Xa uthuli kunye nesanti ziqokelelana kumphezulu wobushushu, ziya kubangela ukwehla kokusebenza kobushushu bombane ngenxa yokufunxwa komswakama, kwaye uthuli oluqhubayo lunokubangela ukuvuza kobushushu okanye iingozi zesekethe emfutshane. Zombini uthuli olune-asidi kunye nolwe-alkaline lunokuqhekeka, ngaloo ndlela lubangele ukubola kwezixhobo zesinyithi kunye neendawo zokukhusela. Xa uthuli kunye nesanti zingena kwi-motor, zinokubangela ukungaphumeleli koomatshini kunye nokuguguleka kwezixhobo. Ukuba ubungakanani bukhulu, buza kuvala umbhobho womoya kwaye buchaphazele umoya kunye nokusasazeka kobushushu. Ke ngoko, kwiimoto ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinothuli lwemizi-mveliso nakwiindawo zangaphandle zothuli lwesanti, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuthintela isanti kunye nothuli.
Impembelelo yetyuwa
Xa amaza avuthuzayo elwandle ebetha unxweme olunamatye, amathontsi amanzi ayaphuma aze abe njengenkungu aze angene emoyeni. La masuntswana olwelo axhonyiweyo e-chloride emoyeni abizwa ngokuba yinkungu yetyuwa. Inkungu yetyuwa yenza i-electrolyte kwiindawo zokwambathisa kunye nezesinyithi, ikhawulezisa inkqubo yokugqwala kwaye ichaphazele kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-insulation. Umzekelo, inokubangela ukukhutshwa kwe-corona kunye nokwanda komsinga wokuvuza.
Iingozi zezinambuzane nezidalwa ezincinci
Kwimimandla eshushu, umonakalo obangelwa zizinambuzane nezidalwa ezincinci unzima kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, zakha iindlwane ngaphakathi koomatshini bombane kwaye zishiya izidumbu, nto leyo ebangela ukuvaleka koomatshini; kwelinye icala, ziluma ngokusebenzisa ubushushu okanye zitye izinto zobushushu, nto leyo ebangela iimpazamo ze-short-circuit. Ingakumbi, ii-termites, iimbovane ezitya imithi, iimpuku kunye neenyoka zezona ziyingozi kakhulu.
Igesi edlakazelayo
Kwiindawo zemveliso zeshishini leekhemikhali (kubandakanya imigodi, izichumisi, amayeza, irabha, njl.njl.), kukho uninzi lweegesi ezifana ne-chlorine, i-hydrogen chloride, i-sulfur dioxide, i-nitrogen oxide, i-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide, njl.njl. Nangona ukubola kwazo kuncinci emoyeni owomileyo (kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuxuba elingaphantsi kwama-70%), ziya kwenza ii-aerosols ezibolayo ze-acidic okanye ze-alkaline emoyeni ofumileyo. Ngokubanzi, xa ukufuma komoya kungafikelelanga kugcwala kwaye kukho ukufuma kumphezulu wemveliso, ukubola kweendawo zesinyithi kunye nezinto kunye nokuwohloka kokusebenza kwe-insulation kuya kukhawuleziswa kakhulu. Ke ngoko, impembelelo yeegesi ezibolayo kwiimveliso zeemoto ixhomekeke kumswakama womoya, uhlobo kunye noxinzelelo lweegesi ezibolayo.
Uxinzelelo lweBarometric
Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (ngaphezulu kweemitha ezili-1000), ngenxa yokwehla koxinano lomoya njengoko ukuphakama kusanda, kuchaphazela ukunyuka kobushushu bemoto kunye nokwehla kokuphuma. I-voltage yokuqala ye-corona kwiimoto ezine-voltage ephezulu nayo iya kuncipha ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba imoto isebenza ne-corona ixesha elide, iya kuchaphazela ubomi benkonzo kunye nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwemoto. Ukongeza, utshintsho kukuphakama lunempembelelo enkulu kwi-DC commutation kunye nokuguguleka kwebrashi. Kwiindawo ezingenanto yakwenza nokufuma kunye neoksijini (ingakumbi ukufuma), izinga lokwakheka kweefilimu ze-copper oxide kumphezulu wokutshintsha liyacotha, elingenakukwazi ukulingana nokuguguleka, ngaloo ndlela likhokelela ekuwohlokeni kokuguguleka kunye nokwanda kokuguguleka kwebrashi.
Amandla aphezulu
Imitha yamandla aphezulu (njengee-electron, ii-proton okanye ii-Y-rays ezivela kwimitha yenyukliya) inokubangela ukuba ii-athomu zento ethile zitshintshe, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphene ze-lattice kunye nokwakheka kwee-atomic pairs ze-vacancy-gap, ngaloo ndlela zibangele umonakalo kwimitha kwisakhiwo sezinto. Ukongeza, xa into ivezwa kwimitha, ii-electron ziyahlukana kwiindlela zazo, zivelise ii-hole-electron pairs, nto leyo eyenza ukuba into ithambekele kwi-ionization. Isiphumo semitha kwizixhobo zokukhusela sixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nethamo lemitha (elibonakaliswa kwisantya sethamo okanye ixabiso lethamo eliqokelelweyo), i-energy spectrum yemitha, iipropati zezinto zokukhusela ezikhanyisiweyo, kunye nobushushu bendalo. Imitha ikakhulu ibangela umonakalo kwizixhobo zokukhusela. Phakathi kwazo, iipropati zoomatshini zezinto zokukhusela eziphilayo zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Ithamo lemitha elivumelekileyo lezinto zokukhusela yi-10 roentgens. Nangona kunjalo, izinto zokukhusela ezingaphiliyo zinokumelana ngcono kwemitha, njenge-quartz kunye ne-mica, ezinokunyamezela ithamo lemitha elivumelekileyo elingaphezulu kwe-10 roentgens.
Amandla oomatshini
Uxinzelelo oluphezulu, impembelelo kunye nemithwalo yokungcangcazela inokubangela umonakalo woomatshini kwiindawo zesinyithi kunye nezakhiwo zokukhusela zemoto.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-12-2025